How to Troubleshoot Minor HVAC Repairs

When something goes wrong with our HVAC system, it's easy to panic and reach for the phone to call a professional. However, not every issue requires an expert’s attention. In fact, many minor HVAC repairs can be easily handled by homeowners, saving both time and money. Understanding how to troubleshoot minor HVAC repairs can help you restore system efficiency without the need for costly service calls.

In this blog, we’ll cover some common HVAC problems such as clogged filters, thermostat malfunctions, and airflow blockages. We’ll also provide simple solutions to fix them. However, we’ll also explain when it’s time to call in a professional to avoid more severe damage or system failure.

Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s helpful to understand the main components of your HVAC system. Most systems include a furnace or air handler, an air conditioner or heat pump, a thermostat, and various vents and ducts. When one of these components isn’t working properly, it can affect the entire system’s performance.

Instead of immediately calling a professional, start by inspecting the basics. Many problems are caused by simple issues like a dirty filter or a loose thermostat connection. These problems are easy to fix and don’t always require an expert.

One of the most common causes of HVAC issues is a clogged air filter. Over time, filters can become covered in dust and debris, restricting airflow and causing your system to work harder than necessary. This can lead to reduced heating or cooling efficiency and even system overheating.

DIY Solution for Clogged Filters:

• Turn off your HVAC system.
• Locate the filter, typically found in the return air duct or near the furnace.
• Remove the filter and check for dirt and dust buildup.
• If the filter looks dirty, replace it with a new one. If it’s reusable, vacuum it to remove debris.
• Install the clean or new filter and turn the system back on.

Changing or cleaning your filter regularly (every 1-3 months, depending on usage) can help maintain system efficiency and prevent more significant issues from developing.

Another common issue is a malfunctioning thermostat. If your HVAC system is running but not reaching the set temperature, your thermostat may be the culprit. This could be due to dead batteries, incorrect settings, or a loose connection.

DIY Solution for Thermostat Malfunctions:

• Check the thermostat display to ensure it’s on. If it’s blank, replace the batteries.
• Make sure the thermostat is set to the correct mode (cooling or heating) and temperature.
• If the thermostat is digital, try resetting it to its factory settings. For mechanical models, check the wiring to ensure no loose connections.
• Clean the thermostat’s sensor gently with a soft cloth to remove dust buildup.

If the thermostat seems to be malfunctioning even after these steps, it could be time to replace it or consult a professional for calibration.

If you notice that some rooms are hotter or colder than others, or your system is struggling to maintain temperature, the problem may lie in the airflow. Blocked vents or ducts can prevent air from circulating properly, leading to uneven heating or cooling.

DIY Solution for Airflow Blockages:

• Start by checking all vents and registers to ensure they’re open and free from obstructions.
• Inspect visible ducts for any visible blockages or damage.
• Make sure furniture or other items aren’t obstructing vents or air pathways.
• If your ducts are insulated, check for any gaps in the insulation that could cause air leaks.

Addressing airflow problems early on can help prevent strain on your system, extending its lifespan and ensuring consistent comfort throughout your home.

In some cases, your HVAC system may not cool or heat properly due to low refrigerant levels. This is a more complex issue that typically requires professional attention. Low refrigerant can be a sign of a leak or a malfunctioning component, both of which require specialized tools and expertise to repair.

Signs You Need Professional Help:

• Your HVAC system is blowing warm air instead of cool air (or vice versa).
• The system runs continuously without reaching the set temperature.
• You hear a hissing noise near the air conditioner or evaporator coil, which may indicate a refrigerant leak.

If you suspect low refrigerant levels, it’s best to call in a professional HVAC technician to diagnose and fix the issue.

Frozen coils are a sign that something’s wrong with your HVAC system, and they can lead to major issues if not addressed quickly. Frozen evaporator coils usually occur because of poor airflow, low refrigerant, or a dirty filter. When the coils freeze, it prevents the system from cooling properly and can cause the compressor to fail.

DIY Solution for Frozen Coils:

• Turn off the HVAC system to allow the coils to thaw.
• Check and replace the air filter if it’s dirty.
• Ensure that there is no blockage around the outdoor unit or evaporator coils.
• Once the coils have thawed, check the airflow and ensure that the refrigerant levels are correct.

If the issue persists after thawing the coils, a professional technician may be needed to repair or replace the coils.

While many minor HVAC repairs can be handled by homeowners, there are times when it’s best to call a professional. If you’ve tried the DIY solutions outlined above and your system is still not functioning properly, or if you notice any of the following signs, it’s time to reach out for expert help:

• Unusual Noises:
  Strange sounds like grinding, squealing, or banging could indicate mechanical issues within the system.
• Unexplained Leaks:
  Water or refrigerant leaks can cause significant damage if not addressed immediately.
• Frequent Cycling:
  If your system turns on and off frequently, it could be a sign of an issue with the thermostat, compressor, or other components.

Don’t hesitate to call a professional if you're unsure about the problem or need a thorough inspection.

By following these troubleshooting tips, homeowners can handle minor HVAC repairs without the need for a professional. Regular maintenance, such as changing filters, cleaning the thermostat, and checking for airflow blockages, can help keep your system running smoothly. However, it’s essential to know when a problem is beyond your expertise and requires professional attention. If you're in need of expert HVAC repairs, don’t hesitate to reach out to Silas Heating & Cooling at (256) 572-9630 or email us at ssilashvac@yahoo.com for more information.

Taking care of minor issues now can prevent more significant problems down the road, ensuring that your home stays comfortable year-round.